The Effects Of Anorexia Nervosa ( Birmingham Et Al

Introduction Even if anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe mental illness potentially resulting to serious ongoing psychiatric and physical health issues, there are not many clinical trial studies for treating AN published worldwidely focused on psychotherapeutic interventions (Birmingham et al., 2005; Herzog et al., 2000; Le Grange and Lock, 2005; Rome et al., 2003). According to Ale Grange and Lock (2005), of the interventions investigated for AN only the family therapy based approach developed by Dare and Eisler at the Maudsley Hospital, has been studied more than once in a clinical trial setting. Investigations completed at the end of treatment from the available studies of this approach suggest that it is effective in the short term,†¦show more content†¦After discharge it was decided by the medical team in the hospital that Olga has to receive family treatment and she got a referral for it. Assesment The family of Olga had to meet for an initial assessment before the beginning of treatment. The initial assesment lasted for about 2-hours for clarifying Olga’s diagnosis and to asses if it could be any other possible comorbid mental health issue and ifs Olga is mentally ready for family treatment based on the Maudsley model. Olga got a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa, binge- eating/purging type without other concurrent psychiatric illness based on DSM-V (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Parallel with the family based treatment, Olga’s physical health was uninterruptedly examined by her outpatient pediatrician specialist. Signs and symptoms supporting Olga’s DSM-V diagnosis contain (a) her denial to keep body weight at or above a minimally normal weight for her age and height (85% of her IBW); (b) her constant fear of putting weight and ending up being overweight, albeit she is recently very underweight and malnourished; (c) her biased body image; and (d) the lack of more than three successive menstrual cycles. Olga’s lowest weight was 125 pounds, which is 74% of her ideal body weight.Olga she didn’t get her menstrual cycles for seven times in a row and was binge eating and purging up to eight times per day. As it is common with people having AN her

Disasters are Common Wonder in the Human Civilization

A disaster has become a common wonder in the human civilization. It has been experienced by many even before time was recorded. Though it may appear in different forms, it has been proven to be a great challenge for society cross all statuses, creeds, communities, countries and continents. One of the lasts findings have suggested that the disasters have definitely increased in frequency and intensity. People have become more and more vulnerable to disasters of all types, which would include floods, mudslides, earthquakes, tsunamis, plane crashes, hurricanes, shootings, forest fires, etc. Even with the advancement and progress of technological devices, the force of disasters has definitely changed. When these events arise, they exceed all preparedness and willingness of society and pose greater challenges than expected. The heat wave in Europe, where in France nearly over 35,000lives were claimed, In 2005-6, America had to face disasters in forms of hurricanes (Katrina, Ivan, and etc., )and tornados. Haiti in 2010, an earthquake claimed over 316, 000 lives and left over 300,000 injured and homeless. And most recently, Typhoon Haiyan struck the Philippines, killing 6,000 people and leaving 1,800 people missing. These events caused great causalities. All these events are sufficient examples to prove that disasters are not circumstances to be over looked. Whether it is a natural disaster or manmade disaster the effects and consequences are just as tremendous as the other.Show MoreRelatedEssay on HISTORY1490 Words   |  6 PagesShort Answer 1. Explain the role of river valleys in the development of civilizations. Name at least two river valleys as examples. (10 points) Rivier valleys first and foremost provided water, a basic necessity for humans. 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Chronology of Events in Pakistan from Historical Perspective Free Essays

Pakistan-Table A – Chronology of Important Events Pakistan Index Period Description ANCIENT EMPIRES ca. 2500-1600 B. C. We will write a custom essay sample on Chronology of Events in Pakistan from Historical Perspective or any similar topic only for you Order Now Indus Valley culture ca. 1500-500 B. C. Migrations of Indo-Aryan- speaking tribes; the Vedic Age. ca. 563-483 B. C. Life of Siddartha Gautama–the Buddha; founding of Buddhism. ca. 321-180 B. C. Mauryan Empire; reign of Ashoka (r. ca. 274-236 B. C. ); spread of Buddhism. ca. 180 B. C. -A. D. 150 Saka dynasties in Indus Valley. ca. A. D. 78-ca. 200 Kushan Empire; Gandharan art flourishes. ca. A. D. 319-ca. 600 Gupta Empire; classical age in northern India. COMING OF ISLAM 711 Muhammad bin Qasim, an Arab general, conquers Sindh and incorporates it into Umayyad Caliphate. 1001-1030 Mahmud of Ghazni raids Indian subcontinent from Afghanistan. 1192 Muhammad of Ghor defeats Rajputs. 1206-1526 Delhi Sultanate. 1398 Timur destroys Delhi. THE MUGHAL PERIOD 1526 Babur defeats last Lodhi sultan in first Battle of Panipat, thus laying foundation of Mughal Empire. 1556 Akbar victorious in second Battle of Panipat. 1556-1605 Reign of Akbar. 1605-27 Reign of Jahangir; in 1612 East India Company opens first trading post (factory). 1628-58 Reign of Shah Jahan, builder of Taj Mahal. 1658-1707 Reign of Aurangzeb, last great Mughal ruler. 1707-1858 Lesser emperors; decline of Mughal Empire. BRITISH PERIOD 1757 Battle of Plassey and British victory over Mughal forces in Bengal; conventional date for beginning of British rule in India. 799-1839 Sikh kingdom established in Punjab under Maharaja Ranjit Singh. 1830s Institution of British education and other reform measures. 1838-42 First Anglo-Afghan War. 1843 British annex Sindh, Hyderabad, and Khairpur. 1845-49 Sikh Wars; British annex Punjab; Kashmir sold to Dogra Dynasty, to be ruled under British paramountcy. 1857-58 Uprising, variously known as Indian Mutiny, Sepoy Rebellion, and by Indian nationalists as First War of Independence. 858 East India Company dissolved; rule of India under British crown (the British Raj) begins; marks formal end of Mughal Empire. 1878-80 Second Anglo-Afghan War. 1885 Indian National Congress formed. 1893 Durand Line established as boundary between Afghanistan and British India. 1905 Partition of Bengal. 1906 All-India Muslim League founded. 1909 Morley-Minto Reforms establish separate electorates for Muslims. 911 Partition of Bengal annulled. 1916 Congress-Muslim League Pact (often referred to as Lucknow Pact) signed. 1919 Montague-Chelmsford Reforms; Third Anglo-Afghan War. 1935 Government of India Act of 1935. 1940 Muslim League adopts â€Å"Pakistan Resolution† demanding separate nation for Muslims of India. â€Å"Two Nations Theory† articulated by Muslim League leader Mohammad Ali Jinnah and others. 1946 August Muslim League observes â€Å"Direct Action Day. Widespread communal rioting spreads to many parts of India. 1947 June Legislation introduced in British Parliament calling for independence and partition of India; communal rioting and mass movements of po pulation begin, resulting in next months in 250,000 deaths and up to 24 million refugees. INDEPENDENT PAKISTAN 1947 August Partition of British India; India achieves independence and incorporates West Bengal and Assam; Pakistan is created and incorporates East Bengal (East Wing, or East Pakistan) and territory in the northwest (West Wing, or West Pakistan); Jinnah becomes governor general of Pakistan; Liaquat Ali Khan becomes prime minister. October Start of first Indo-Pakistani War over sovereignty of Kashmir. 1948 September Jinnah dies; Khwaja Nazimuddin becomes governor general. 1949 January United Nations-arranged cease- fire between Pakistan and India takes effect. 1951 October Liaquat assassinated; Nazimuddin becomes prime minister; Ghulam Mohammad becomes governor general. 1955 August Ghulam Mohammad resigns; succeeded by Iskander Mirza. October One Unit Plan establishes the four provinces of West Pakistan as one administrative unit. 1956 March Constitution adopted; Mirza becomes president. 1958 October Mirza abrogates constitution and declares martial law; Mirza sent into exile; Chief Martial Law Administrator (CMLA) General Mohammad Ayub Khan assumes presidency. 1965 August Start of second Indo-Pakistani War over Kashmir. 1969 March Martial law declared; Ayub Khan resigns; CMLA General Agha Mohammad Yahya Khan ssumes presidency. 1970 July One Unit Plan abolished; four provinces reestablished in West Pakistan. December First general elections; Awami League under Mujib secures absolute majority in new National Assembly; West Pakistan-dominated government declines to convene assembly. 1971 March East Pakistan attempts to secede, beginning civil war; Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (Mujib), imprisoned in West Pakistan, declared provisional president. April Formal declaration of independence of Bangladesh issued; Mujib named pres ident. December Pakistan launches preemptive air strikes against India; India invades East Pakistan; India recognizes Bangladesh; Pakistani military forces in East Pakistan surrender to Indian armed forces, marking Bangladeshi independence; Yahya Khan resigns; Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto becomes CMLA and president. 1972 July Bhutto and India’s prime minister, Indira Gandhi, conclude Simla Agreement, adjusting 1949 cease-fire line between Pakistan and India and creating new line of control. 1973 August New constitution goes into effect; Bhutto becomes prime inister. 1976 February Pakistan and Bangladesh establish diplomatic relations. 1977 March General elections; massive victory by Bhutto’s party evokes widespread rioting and protest. July Army chief of staff, General Mohammad Zia ul-Haq, appoints himself CMLA and proclaims martial law. 1978 September Mohammad Zia ul-Haq becomes nation’s sixth president, replacing Fazal Elahi Chaudhry. 1979 February Islamic penal code introduce d. April Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto hanged. November Mob storms and burns down United States Embassy in Islamabad, killing two Americans and two Pakistani employees; United States cultural centers in Rawalpindi and Lahore also torched; attacks in response to Iranian-inspired rumors that United States citizens responsible for November 20 attack on Grand Mosque in Mecca. December Large-scale movements of Soviet troops and military equipment into Afghanistan. 1980 January United States president Jimmy Carter pledges military assistance to help Pakistan defend itself against Soviet hreat; Carter offers US$400 million, rejected by Zia as â€Å"peanuts. † 1983 August President Zia ul-Haq announces that martial law will be lifted in 1985 but warns that army will retain key role in future governments. 1985 January Non-Islamic banking abolished. February General elections held for National Assembly. March Mohammad Khan Junejo invited by Zia to form civilian cabinet. July Economy declared to be in conformity with Islam. 1986 Augu st Movement for the Restoration f Democracy (MRD) launches campaign against government, demanding new general elections; Benazir Bhutto arrested in Karachi. December New federal cabinet sworn into office by President Zia with Mohammad Khan Junejo continuing as prime minister. May Prime Minister Junejo expands federal government to include five new ministers and three new ministers of state; President Zia dismisses Junejo government, dissolves national and provincial assemblies, and orders new elections to be held within ninety days. August Zia, the United States mbassador to Pakistan, and top army officials killed in mysterious airplane crash near Bahawalpur in Punjab; Ghulam Ishaq Khan, chairman of Senate, sworn in as acting president; General Mirza Aslam Beg becomes chief of the army staff. October Salman Rushdie’s novel, The Satanic Verses, banned in Pakistan; joint United States- Pakistani investigatory committee concludes that Zia’s death was caused by â€Å"crim inal act of sabotage. † November Elections held for National Assembly; Pakistan People’s Party (PPP) wins ninety-three out of 207 seats contested. December Benazir Bhutto sworn in as first female prime minister of a Muslim nation; PPP and MQM parties sign â€Å"Karachi Declaration,† an accord to restore peace in Sindh; Pakistan and India sign accords at South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) summit in Islamabad, including agreement not to attack each other’s nuclear facilities. June Combined Opposition Parties (COP), consisting of most opposition groups, formed in National Assembly, with Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi as leader. February Soviet Union completes withdrawal of troops from Afghanistan. September Pakistan’s largest ever military exercise, Zarb- e – Momin (Sword of the Faithful), commences. October Pakistan rejoins Commonwealth of Nations. December Ethnic riots in Sindh claim scores of lives. 1990 May-June Ethnic troubles mount in Sindh; rift develops between PPP and coalition partners. August President Ghulam Ishaq Khan di smisses Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto, her cabinet, and National Assembly; orders new elections for October 24, 1990; Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi becomes caretaker prime inister. October United States president George Bush is unable to deliver annual certification that Pakistan does not possess nuclear weapons as condition of continued assistance and arms and technology transfers, leading to cutoff of most aid. National elections held; Bhutto’s PPP loses to coalition of rightist parties. November Mian Nawaz Sharif elected prime minister. 1991 February Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif liberalizes economy, lifts controls on foreign currency entering country, and announces policies to encourage new investment; numerous pro-Iraq emonstrations and widespread public opposition to Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif’s support of Desert Storm but pro-United Nations stance reiterated. May Shariat Bill is adopted by National Assembly. July Opposition members call upon president to dismiss government because of deteriorating law and order situation, particularly in Sindh. 1992 December Babri Mosque in Ayodya, India, destroyed by Hindu fundamentalists seeking to build Hindu temple on contested site; communal violence mounts over incident; Pakistan asks Indian government to protect Muslims in India. 993 April President Ishaq Khan dismisses government of Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, citing corruption. July President Ishaq Khan and Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif resign under pressure from military; World Bank officer, Moeen Qureshi, named caretaker prime minister pending elections in October. October Benazir Bhutto’s PPP wins s lim margin in national elections and builds coalition government; Benazir appointed prime minister. November PPP stalwart, Farooq Leghari, defeats acting President Wassim Sajjad and becomes president. Data as of April 1994 How to cite Chronology of Events in Pakistan from Historical Perspective, Essay examples

Dietatic Association of Vegetarian Diets †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Dicuss about the Dietatic Association of Vegetarian Diets. Answer: Introduction: Diet and nutrition are key to sustenance of healthy body growth and good health status. The role played by diet in our bodies is paramount towards attaining optimal health. Choosing what to eat is solely the individual right, but however choosing to eat healthy is of concern and is important to anyone who Management values good health, (Knight Leitsberger, 2016). The type of food eaten forms the basis of your rights, decisions and perceived food type linked to your preference which contribute significantly on the differences between the vegetarians and the meat eaters. Amongst the vegetarians, there are several sub groups whom consume animal based products sparsely. This case study will analyse factors affecting the choice and consumption of these foods and compare the vegetarian and meat consumption. For an in-depth into the comparative analysis, we will focus of these factors. Nutrition and healthy living has formed the basis of vegetarian and meat based diets in the current society. The proponents of meat diets have attributed various advantages with regard to intake of meat. Outlined advantages arguably proposed are the presence of vitamin B12, which is only found in animal based foods and play a vital role in body health, while vegetarians diets, the source of vitamin B12 is prescribed through diet supplements as no plants have these vital compound for the body, (Hamad, 2013). The rich protein content of high biological value and micronutrients have led to advancement of meat based diets and risk of over consumption is high which have other harmful effects like gout diseases and weight management factors, (Knight Leitsberger, 2016). Comparing it to vegetarian diets, Nutritionist in the health practice have argued that protein quantity in vegan based diet are of standard levels compared to meat based diets as increased consumption patterns of meat leads to development of osteoporosis and gout disease. It is argued that the vegan based diet if carefully planned can provide the required nutrients for the body and wider variety of plant based foods is healthy and beneficial to our body unlike the meat based diets which have limitations and border lines which need careful consideration in meal planning so as not to be crossed. Religion has played an active role in dietary intakes of food. Worldwide food has been considered a major factor in various religion of the world. Vegetarian based diet has been characterised by consumption of plant based food while meat based diets have majored on the consumption of meat products. Pro vegetarian based supporters have argued on the sanctity of life for the animals which they claim should be respected. Unlike the meat based proponents, they considered meat as a delicacy and fulfilment of their body. The reasoning behind meat consumption has been based on the moral intuition of food, that it is acceptable as much their religion dont restrict. Recently questions have been raised on the ethics of eating meat, current arguments suggest that meat is not necessary for human health, (ADA, 2009) and the slaughter of animals has been argued as unjustifiable act, (Hamad, 2013). Generally vegetarianism and meat based dietary patterns have become the common theme in world religio ns, it has been used as an expression of faith, and however others object to it while on the other side of the coin meat based groups view on basis of religious reasoning as they use animal products on their daily lives though means such as wearing of clothes from animal products, use drugs based on animals and the fact that some vegetarian based diet include consumption of fish yet biologically it is animal class, conflicts itself, (Knight Leitsberger, 2016). The debate on the environmental Management factors on vegetarian based diet and meat based diet has taken centre stage for quite a long time with no definite standards set. The notion of vegetarian diet being better for the environment has formed the conventional wisdom on the proponents of this diet. It has suggested that diets rich in plant based foods such as vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts and seeds have less impact on the environment. The issue has been contentious in the world of science however the meat based consumers and analysts have counteracted these claims by stating that diet high in fruits and vegetables had greater environmental impacts through increase in the energy levels by more than 38 %. The debate in health cycle is taking shape with no standard measure being reached. Both scientists and consumers of both diets have gained a common ground that meat consumption have few environmental impacts in terms of land utility and the rearing of animals which have impacts on pollution on the environment due to gas pollutants, (Online, 2017). Vegetarian based diets production have an effect on the levels of gas emission on the atmosphere through the production, preservation and marketing of food however when compared to animal based foods, like fish, beef and lamb foods research has shown to have greater impacts on the environment though green house gas emissions. Current research has shown that red meat and processed food have presence of carcinogens at several anatomical sites and the source of thee carcinogenic has probably linked to environment, (Cross et al., 2007), unlike the vegan diet rich of plant based food which have been found to anti carcinogenic properties that ward off carcinogens and promote good health, (Wang et al., 2012). From the analysis above it is evident that there exist difference in diet patterns of food among the vegetarians and meat eating group. There are several factors which informs the choice and adoption of an individual food type and preference. Significant factors such as health impacts, environmental and religion play a role; there are numerous comparative and contrasting views with regards to these two categories of diets. Thus, there is need for mutual understanding on the differing views based on food types so as to create harmony despite these varying opinions. References American Dietetic Association (2009). "Position Paper of the American Dietatic Association: Vegetarian Diets" (PDF). Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 109 (7): 12661282. doi:10.1016/j.jada.2009.05.027. PMID19562864. Cross, A. J., Leitzmann, M. F., Gail, M. H., Hollenbeck, A. R., Schatzkin, A., Sinha, R. (2007). A prospective study of red and processed meat intake in relation to cancer risk. PLoS Med, 4(12), e325. Harnad, Stevan (2013) Luxe, ncessit, souffrance: Pourquoi je ne suis pas carnivore. Qubec humaniste 8(1): 10-13 Knight, A., Leitsberger, M. (2016). Vegetarian versus Meat-Based Diets for Companion Animals. Animals, 6(9), 57. Online access; Vegetarian and Healthy Diets Could Be More Harmful to the Management Environment. Accesed on 09/05/2017 .https://www.cmu.edu/news/stories/archives/2015/.../diet-and-environment.html Wang, H., Oo Khor, T., Shu, L., Su, Z. Y., Fuentes, F., Lee, J. H., Tony Kong, A. N. (2012). Plants vs. cancer: a review on natural phyto chemicals in preventing and treating cancers and their drug ability. Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Formerly Current Medicinal Chemistry-Anti-Cancer Agents), 12(10), 1281-1305.

Tom Bray Case Review free essay sample

Review of Tom Bray Case At the end of the case Tom found out that his employees are busy working. He understood it as a negative sight but it may not be so. Toms’ employees are responsible for the installation of furniture and equipment; this is supposed to be mainly physical work that does not require much creativity or high level of communication among workers. Tom should assess the extent to which it is appropriate to interfere with the work of his employees. It is important for a project manager to wonder around often enough to create better connections with employees and get to know what is going on, but at the same time he should not disturb people from their work and make them feel uncomfortable, stressed and controlled too much. Tom’s new team is already used to certain type of behavior so even though Tom have decided to adopt new management style it would probably take some time for people to adjust and react to changes. We will write a custom essay sample on Tom Bray Case Review or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Tom may continue to implement his new strategy and in time he should see the result. It should be remembered that one should not expect great changes in human behavior immediately, any change takes time. He should also try not to be too intrusive, since most people resist change and do not like to be distracted; Tom should implement his new management style gently and gradually. It is also important to remember that MBWA should be seen as a way of building stronger relationships with employees, getting better understanding of the environment and work processes. Its goal is not micro-managing people.

How Remote Employees Stay Focused And Get Organized With Nathan Hirsch

How Remote Employees Stay Focused And Get Organized With Nathan Hirsch How long is your commute to work? Maybe 15 minutes or more, depending on traffic, weather, and other factors? Some marketers get to just roll out of bed and go to their home office. According to Upwork, 63% of companies now have remote workers and almost 50% use freelancers. How does remote working affect productivity, collaboration, and organization of marketing teams and businesses? Today, my guest is Nathan Hirsch, FreeeUp.com founder and CEO. We talk about decisions and tactics to consider if your company wants to embrace a remote working environment. Short Version of Entrepreneurial Story: Broke college student to starting an Amazon business to owning a freelancer marketplace FreeeUp helps businesses grow by knowing when, who, and how to hire Managing and working within remote teams effectively Pros and Cons: Access to talent, overhead costs, flexibility Commitment to Communication: Nothing gets lost or misinterpreted Put plans and tools in place to avoid potential pitfalls FreeeUp’s Expectations for Freelancers: Skill, attitude, and communication Remote Culture: Separate office spaces, but on the same page Hiring always involves risk and reward; build trust and relationships Levels and Skill Sets: Basic (followers), Mid (doers), and High (experts) Links: FreeeUp Upwork Fiverr Skype Trello WhatsApp LastPass Write a review on iTunes and send a screenshot of it to receive cool swag! If you liked today’s show, please subscribe on iTunes to The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast! The podcast is also available on SoundCloud, Stitcher, and Google Play. Quotes by Nathan Hirsch: â€Å"I went back to remote, and I haven’t really turned back since. To me, that’s the direction we’re going, whether you like it or not.† â€Å"Now, if you are looking to hire, you get access to people all over the world. You just get so much flexibility as a business owner.† â€Å"It’s all about the communication. You have to have the best, strongest communication, if you want it to work.† â€Å"Building a remote culture is slightly harder. It requires that extra effort.†

International business and multinational enterprise Essay

International business and multinational enterprise - Essay Example It would also show why the Russia has become an attractive destination for the foreign firms. Four case studies would also be evaluated and analyzed for their success or failure in the foreign soil. Globalization has been one of the most portent forces that have compelled the global community to cross border restrictions for the wider welfare of the people. Social scientists assert that globalization has broadly brought together goods, services, capital, technology and people across national borders to evolve new global market with common goals (Hill, 2009; Sirgy et al., 2004; Black, 2002). Indeed, the nations have increasingly become interdependent for their socio-economic development. The globalization has reduced the geographical boundaries and has brought regional and local interests on the world map (Croucher, 2004; Tiplady, 2003; Held et al., 1999). Thus, the role and responsibilities of states have become more pronounced vis-Ã  -vis creating a conducive environment for foreign investment. Globalization has also greatly opened new avenues of exploiting competencies and resources for businesses across nations. Through foreign direct investment or FDI, cross border mergers, partnership, export and import of goods and services, the process of international business are expedited. But the policies and legal paradigms of the government become key elements that inculcate trust amongst the foreign firms. Indeed, the political, legal, economic and technological environment created by government initiatives through policies and plans are important criteria for international businesses. Zonis (2000) asserts that the political risks generate an environment of uncertainty primarily through the exercise of power by the government and non government agencies. Thus, non democratic states or states that are transitional economies are prone to exhibit controls which

Assignment Two Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Assignment Two - Essay Example The quality of the images of the DVD player is outstanding possibly because the LCD screen has very good resolution. One of the main reasons I purchased the item was because I do not own a smartphone, thus I needed a device to watch movies when I am outside my home. I was very impressed by the fact that the Coby portable DVD had a two year warranty with the manufacturer. My impression of the product after the purchase is that the Coby portable DVD player is a quality product that served my need to be able to watch movies on the road. Due to my experience with this DVD player in the future I plan on purchasing more products from the Coby brand. The company has quality products at good prices. I have been using my portable DVD player on a weekly basis. I always travel with the portable DVD player in my car. I showed the Coby portable DVD player to several of my friends and they liked it. Last month I purchased an Xbox 360 for $299.99. The video game industry generated $15.6 billion in the United States in 2010 (Plunkettresearchonline, 2011). The reason that I purchased the Xbox 360 was because I did not have a gaming console at my home. I am not a gamer, but I wanted to have a good gaming console to play with friends when they visited. I got a good deal on the Xbox 360 because it included the Kinect system which allows people to play games hand free. When I read about the Xbox Kinect I wanted it in order acquire games that allow you to perform exercises at home using the system. I am very satisfied with my purchase because the Xbox 360 has improved my entertainment options at home. When I was making the buy decision I choose the Xbox 360 over the Playstation 3 or Wii consoles because the Xbox 360 seemed to have a greater variety of games. I also noticed in my trips to gaming stores that there seemed to be more used games available for the Xbox 360 than other console s. This was very important to me because I do not plan on purchasing any new

Mathemathics Game Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Mathemathics Game Critique - Essay Example At the top of the screen, there is a timer indicating time remaining while the student is answering the questions. If the student gets the incorrect answer, the boy on the screen will tell the player to try again. A score is also given to the students at the end of the game. When the game is finished and when the student gets the correct answers, a big fish will appear on the screen saying ‘congratulations’. There are a few mathematical concepts addressed in this game. This game allows students to build their subtraction knowledge. It allows them to develop timing skills as there is a timer indicating how fast they are at answering the questions. The skill in recognising numbers is also required in order to answer the questions. Moreover, this game allows students to build their skills in visualising numbers and getting the correct answers. In the end, it can also provide a good mental practice for the students. However, this game can also have negative effects especiall y when some children may get bored after they keep getting the incorrect answers. Despite such negative effects, this technology, along with other computer games can enhance children’s mathematical learning. These mathematical games can also help improve their mental skills, as well as their reasoning, strategic thinking, and logic, and these are skills which are important in problem solving. (Hunting, 2012, p. 69). The following content outcomes are addressed: NS1.2 Addition and Subtraction- Uses a range of mental strategies and informal recording methods for addition and subtraction involving one- and two-digit numbers The following are the syllabus process outcomes: Questioning WMS1.1 Asks questions that could be explored using mathematics in relation to Stage 1 content Applying Strategies WMS1.2 Uses objects, diagrams, imagery and technology to explore mathematical problems Reasoning WMS1.4 Supports conclusions by explaining or demonstrating how answers were obtained. Ref lecting WMS1.5 Links mathematical ideas and makes connections with, and generalisations about, existing knowledge and understanding in relation to Stage 1 content There is a way to implement this game in the classroom. The implementation would involve seating the children in their chairs and then explaining to them what the game is. The explanation would have to include the use of an interactive whiteboard, a computer, or an overhead screen which would allow the teacher to go online and demonstrate the game. This game would require the children working independently. At the end of the lesson, the teacher would have to allow time for discussions in order to ensure that the students can share their difficulties and challenges in playing the game. Since this game involves subtraction strategies, any student who finds the game difficult should be allowed to speak up during discussion times. The teacher must also ensure that the students can reflect on the game and their experience while playing the game. There are many ways for differentiation within Stage 1. These include: Making the game into two players, as this would encourage a healthy sense of competition among the students, especially those seeking to excel in the game. Getting the students in the classroom to record the question and answer portions. This can be done by putting two students in each computer with one student playing the game, while the other would record the questi

Personality Differences of Adolescents with Working Mothers

Personality Differences of Adolescents with Working Mothers Research proposal on A comparative study on personality of adolescents between working and non working mother in Bangladesh Shinthia parvin SUMMARY The present study will conduct to investigate whether there will any difference in personality of adolescence between working or non-working mother in Bangladesh. For this purpose 100 students will take from different areas of Dhaka city where 50 students mother is housewife and 50 students mother is working women. Each of the group will match regarding their age, educational qualification and socio-economic status. The information will collect through two questionnaire (1) questionnaire for participants’ personal information and (2) Eysenck personality Questionnaire (EPQ). The age group of the participants was between 12 to 18 years. The statistical treatment of the data will do by t-test. The hypotheses of this research assumed that â€Å" there are differences in personality of adolescence between working or non- working mother,†indicating there would be a difference among the four dimension of the personality like Extraversion (E) ,neuroticism (N) , Psychoticism (P) , and Lie scale (L) , in the two groups. Introduction Adolescence is the period of life from late childhood until physical growth is relatively complete and also marks the beginning of early adulthood. Age 13 through 16 is considered early adolescence and 17 through 21 is late adolescence (Wolman, 1989). The term adolescence is commonly used to describe the transitional stage of physical and psychological development between childhood and adulthood. There is no one scientific definition of adolescence or set age boundary. There is a key development change that nearly all adolescents experience during their transition from childhood to adulthood. This time frame, however, not only describes a very diverse reality, but adolescence varies considerably across cultures, over time, and within individuals (Kaplan, 2004). Personality is dynamic which depends on organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his or her unique adjustment to his environment .personality is what a man really is (Allport,1975) .Personality can be defined as the unique pattern of behavioral and mental processes that characterize an individual and the individual’s interactions with the environment (Crider others, 1993). Each man is individual to the dimensions of personality. Because of this difference in personality some women wanted only to look after their family and some women wanted to engage in work outside of their home. Veroff and fello (1970) mentioned that the aim of the women who have professional values are education and working life, whereas the aim of the family related house women are marriage and bringing up their children. French and lesses (1964) have shown in their research that the ancient mentality based on women who Have definite goals demonstrate good skill when they play their role as a wife and as a mother. Majority of Bangladeshi women play a role as a housewife more than a working women, but the women who are residing in the cities are beginning to establish their own profession. Huq (1981) has shown in a research that 55% of working women in the town are the principle earning person of the family, 20% work for filling up the shortage of each other’s income, 6% work to pass their time, 12% work for utilizing their education and 4% work for enjoying their freedom through their profession. Yet, most of the women are still housewives and the numbers of working women are less in number. Bangladeshi society considers motherhood the most desirable role for the women. And family responsibilities are more important for women than careers (Khan Amanullah ),1998 . Miller (1975) saw that a mother’s job creates a negative influence on their child. Traditionally Bangladeshi women work within the family structure. The working women have to work both within the family and in their work place. So it creates more stress on them. It can also affect children‘s life. Islam Rahman (1991) found that the housewife mothers make their children more dependent than working mothers and they become more protective of their female child than of their male child and encourages the male child to develop their language skill .on the other hand, a working mother makes their male child more dependent than their female child and greatly influence them to develop their language skill .The hypothesis of this research assumed that â€Å"there are differences in personality of adolescents between working and non-working mother†, indicating there would be a difference among four dimensions of the personality like Extraversion (E), Neuroticism (N), psychoticism (P), and Lie scale (L), in the two groups. Aims The aim of this research project is to à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Understand adolescent’s personality. à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Investigate there will any differences in personality of adolescents between working and non-working mother. Justification/Rationale Adolescence is a very critical and transitional period of life span of a person. In that time, adolescents have to cope with their physical, social, psychological changes; that is why they have to face a lot of stressful situation such as family, school and peer group pressure which effect their life. Sometimes, adolescents may fall down from their mainstream because of anger, life stress, and lack of consciousness which is threatening to their development. The findings of the study will be helpful to understand the status of personality of the adolescents. The study would have some applied values and the study would give new knowledge about personality and its related of other problems of adolescence period. Therefore, this study will help us to provide such information which is very essential for mental health workers, psychologists, sociologists, governments, NGOs and policy makers to take effective steps to facilitate adolescent development. Method Participants 50 working women’s child and 50 non-working women’s child will take as a sample of the present research. The samples will collect from different places of Dhaka city. The age range of the student will between 12 to 18 years. Their educational qualifications will from class vii to HSC level. The professions of the working mother will school teacher, college teacher, government service holder, doctor, nurse, and banker. Instruments Two types of questionnaire will use. First a demographic questionnaire will give to get the personal information of the participants like age, educational qualification, socioeconomic status, monthly family income, etc. The second questionnaire will Eyesenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) Bengali version(translated standardized byRahman in 1980). EPQ contained one hundred and one items. Both questionnaires will give to the participants individually. Procedure The sample will collect from the different areas of Dhaka city. In this study two types of questionnaire will use, at first questionnaire will be given to collect participants personal information and EPQ is the self-directed questionnaire. Before responding the participants will assure that full confidentiality will be maintained. The participants will answer the questions by circling the ‘yes’ or ‘no’ answer. For each positive item, score 1 indicates ‘yes’ and 0 for ‘no’. Reverse scoring will use for the negative items. The sums of the scores of all items will the total score of the scale for an individual.

Jesus Christ and The Misfit in Flannery O’Connor’s A Good Man Is Hard t

Jesus Christ and The Misfit in Flannery O’Connor’s A Good Man Is Hard to Find In Flannery O’Connor’s â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find,† there are many Christian motifs found throughout the story, but the one that I found most interesting is the fact that O’Connor is apparently drawing parallels between The Misfit and Jesus Christ. Initially it seems like there is no way that this could actually be true- what could the Son of God who sacrificed Himself for the good of humanity have in common with a thief and a robber who escapes from jail and kills a family of six in cold blood? Upon closer examination, we can see that they are more similar than one might initially think. The first insight we may be able to draw is on the subject of names. The Misfit is a term that could easily be applied to Christ. In His time, Christ was an outcast, a rebel, and a man who did not fit the norms of the society in which He lived. He worked on the day of rest, He befriended tax collectors and prostitutes, and He drove the moneychangers out of the Temple in Jerusalem. (Mark 3, Matthew 9, Matthew 21). T...

Advantages Due to Hiring Maid

The maid is a system that involve non-local who is not from our family members who work at our home. According to Zuhaila (2012) the article in NSTP dated March 11. â€Å"Some families say their household will just not be able to function well without a maid†. So with the existence of a maid, it not only brought many benefits for the community but it can ease the burden of parental in order to taking care the home, children and others, especially for careers parents.Although many people have negative perception of hiring maid, I believe that hiring maid is important due to several advantages. The first advantage is it will cut the cost of sending children to nursery. As we know that the cost of sending children to nursery is expensive nowadays. Not only the nursery, hired a babysitter just for a few hours will cost much higher than hiring a maid. According to Kwa on her speech â€Å"Now days, a fee for a monthly babysitter is around RM750 and above, and the cost will increase depend on how many children in the house† (Kwa, The Star, 2012).On the other hand, parents can reduce the times that wasted of sending and fetching children from the nursery. Because of that, hiring a maid can take care of children when parents go to work. Parents also do not worry about the payment every month because our government is standardizing the fee that parents need to pay the maid. The second advantage is it will reduce the burden of doing the house chores. As we know, as a parent their needs to taking care about their career and their duty of doing house chores.Because of that, many locals are waiting to hire maids again as to meet their needs (Raja Zulkeply Dahlan, 2012). In addition, the maid is also a savior for parents who are experiencing stress over the situation in the workplace and home. For a career parents, sometimes the stress at the workplace will be carried away to the house and if at home, the condition not very smooth it will give more pressure on t he parents. Therefore, the extra time will help parents to relax which also increases their productivity at workplace.The third advantage is it will encourage parents to spend more time with their family members. As we know, maid can help doing house chores and allow parents to spend quality time with their families’ member. Because of that, parents will have a valuable period of time to spend their times with families’ member. According to Orlandoyts (2005) â€Å"maid rid you and your daily chores allowing you to spend quality time with your family†. For example, parents can have a picnic on a weekend or bring their children to shopping.In addition, parents can give love and paying more attention to their children. Parents who have time in a long weekend can pay more attention and giving a full of love to their children spend more time with them. Therefore, parents can secure the safety of their children every day. All in all, hiring maid can give parents much advantage to manage the children and parents also their career in workplace. Therefore, the government should play an important role in the entry of domestic workers to meet market demand of maid to the families who needed.

Leach and Leech - Commonly Confused Words

Leach and Leech - Commonly Confused Words The words leach and leech are homophones: they sound alike but have different meanings. Definitions The verb leach means to empty, drain, or remove. The noun leech refers to a bloodsucking worm or to a person who preys on or clings to another. As a verb, leech means to bleed with leeches or to act as a parasite. Examples Batteries are difficult to dispose of and contain harmful heavy-metal compounds that may leach into the soil.The river water was more corrosive than the Detroit systems and caused more lead to  leach  from its aging pipes. Lead can be toxic, and children are especially vulnerable.(Reuters, Michigan Attorney General Sues Frances Veolia in Flint Water Crisis. The New York Times, June 22, 2016)Similar to bloodletting, leeches were used to draw out the bad blood that medieval physicians believed caused many of their patients ailments.The sun rose in a cloudless sky, the same as before. We passed a large island without grass or tree or bush.  The sun  was a leech  that sucked the moisture from our flesh.(Scott ODell, The Kings Fifth. Houghton Mifflin, 1966)She  called him a leech, said hes always sponging off the rest of us.(Swati Kaushal, A Girl Like Me. Penguin, 2008) Idiom Alerts The expression leach away (something) or leach (something) away means to gradually erode or wash away.- Normally the excess salt would be  leached away  as rainwater percolates down through the soil. In dry climates, however, where there isnt enough rain or irrigation to drive the water down that far, salts can accumulate in the root zone.(Ann Larkin Hansen,  The Organic Farming Manual. Storey, 2010)- Nathan? Are you awake? The sweetness quickly  leached away  at the touch of Roiphes nasal voice, leaving a sourness tinged with anxiety, which, Nathan understood, was his default reaction to Roiphe.(David Cronenberg, Consumed. Scribner, 2014) Practice: Leaches or Leeches? (a) Its not pollution that makes the water so black; tannic acid naturally _____ into the river from cypress and pine trees growing along the shoreline. (Bruce Hunt)(b) In modern medicine, _____ are used in reconstructive surgery to provide a vacuum effect that helps stimulate blood circulation. Answers to Practice Exercises (a) Its not pollution that makes the water so black; tannic acid naturally leaches into the river from cypress and pine trees growing along the shoreline.(Bruce Hunt)(b) In modern medicine, leeches are used in reconstructive surgery to provide a vacuum effect that helps stimulate blood circulation.

Cambodia essays

Cambodia essays The worst blow fell in 1975, when the Khmer Rouge (red Khmer) guerrillas under the leadership of Pol Pot overthrew the Khmer Republic and established Democratic Kampuchea. The Khmer Rouge were, at least partially, a reaction to the loss of political power and the social disorder brought on by the regional wars of the 1960s and 1970s, as well as an extreme and localized response to the growing question of Khmer identity in a region dominated and fought over by world powers. Shortly after its independence in 1954, Cambodia felt the pull of the superpowers. The U.S., China, and Vietnam already had significant interests in the country, but Sihanouk, Cambodias king, maintained control and declared neutrality. China was one of the first countries to send military aid in 1963. China supported Sihanouk publicly throughout his reign as king and president, but radical parties in the government supported the inner circle of the Communist Party of Kampuchea. From the 1950s to the mid 1960s, Cambodia prospered. Modernization, development, and substantial foreign aid flowed in under Sihanouk's rule. As in the past, this success was dependent on the behavior of Cambodia's neighbors and on the policies of more powerful nations. Cambodia was neutral for as long as it served the interests of other states. From the mid 1960s, Cambodia became more and more entangled in the regional war. By the early 1970s, as the Khmer Rouge gained strength and control over vast areas of the countryside, the war absorbed Cambodia. Though global factors clearly transformed Cambodia against its will after the 1960s, internal conditions set the stage for the results that followed. These conditions include Khmer cultural factors, the history of nationalism and racism, peasant culture, and the effects of economic development in a global economy. Khmer culture tends toward respect and fear of authority. Khmers view the country as one large family,...

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leadership - Essay Example This is contested by Andersen (2006) who wrote that traits alone are not enough for effective leadership and they are only prerequisite. Traits only provide people with the potential for leadership. Goleman (2008) hypothesized that great leaders are naturally inclined to show interest in others and bring about positive feelings from these people. This then allows a strong show of support. He further mentioned that learning and practice on desirable leadership style can lead to enhanced performance of a potential leader. Thus, the Great Man Theory only explains a part of a successful leader. There are various factors that influence the development of a good leader (Goleman 2008). Cawthon (1996) stated that most important leadership capabilities and proficiencies can be learned and people can be educated along these as long as there is desire to learn and there are no apparent obstacles to learning such as a learning disorder. When studying the several circumstances that play an import ant role in the lives of the great leaders, it seems hard to believe that only inherent traits contributed to their success. There are too many variables that are considered to make effective leaders. The possession of certain inherent traits does not guarantee the success of leadership. Additionally, any leadership style can be successful as long as it recognizes the path to success. Strong leadership capability goes further than genetic inheritance. House and Mitchell (1974) proposed that successful leaders have the capacity to persuade and motivate others to willingly increase their efforts to contribute to the organisation. They further stated that this can be achieved through a leader’s inimitable focus toward fulfilling the needs of their associates by providing the needed training, supervision and support. These motivate followers toward higher levels of performance. Researchers often take on the assumption that leadership comes inherently with individuals, that some o f them .possess a set of inherent traits that enable them to be recognized as great leaders. For many years, this assumption led social scientists to focus only on these traits. However, because of inconsistency in the results research, the trait theory was discarded in favor of the theory that leadership development does not espouse inherent leadership traits but only leadership styles or behaviors that may be developed and changed completely from one setting to another. There is also the notion that a person who is a leader in one setting may be a follower in another in the same way that traits which are practical in one situation may not be helpful in others. Thus, leaders are not born with any specific traits that determine effective leadership (Howard & Wilson, 1982). Even without inherent traits, a person can be an effective leader as long as he can adapt to the unique demands of ever changing organisations. According to Howard and Wilson (1982), leaders must have the aspirati on to lead. In order to be effective, a person must want to lead. However, even if a person has the ability and education to lead but has no enthusiasm, success will most likely not be achieved. History has presented the crucial roles that leaders and leadership play in the success of an organisation – these can be in the context of business ventures, educational settings and

Social security Tax Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Social security Tax - Term Paper Example The ultimate beneficiary of tax collections are the masses who are given services like quality health services, public schooling, safety and security, cleaner neighborhood, better road and other infrastructural developments. Thus, it can be said that the government uses the people’s money and put it into use that can be translated into better facilities for them. One such taxation is that of social security taxation, the proceeds of which are pooled into to provide old-age benefits, pensions, child health and unemployed. Thus, the key beneficiaries of this kind of taxation are the most vulnerable classes of the society. This paper will shed light on the whole system of social security taxation, its pros and cons and its efficiency in fulfilling its intended purpose. In order to clarify the present day social security system it is imperative to study its evolution over time. The concept of social security was pioneered in 1935 when the American association for Social security led by Abraham Epstein coined the word social security. The actual payments were started in the January of 1937 as retirement funds. However these were only given to the primary working member of the family. It was only in 1939 when the survivors benefit for spouses and children were introduced. With time, more benefits were added to the scope of social security for example, benefits for the disabled were initiated in 1956 and it was followed by a major milestone in the year 1965, when the congress signed the social security law to add medical care to its portfolio of benefits. In order to ensure that people pay this kind of taxation for their own good in the long run, social security number was issued. These numbers became the basis of identification after some time and was used by the civil service commission and revenue boards by 1962. In the United States, the social

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder - Research Paper Example Another population that is showing emerging increase in PTSD is fire-fighters. More and more cases of major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are coming to light, making it important for understanding of the conditions and therefore development of effective treatments. Feczer and Bjorklund (2009) define PTSD as â€Å" an anxiety disorder characterized by a triad of symptoms following exposure or trauma, including persistent re-experiencing of the traumatic stressors through flashbacks, nightmares, and/or intrusive thoughts, avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma along with the numbing or general unresponsiveness; and persistent symptoms of increased arousal† (p.278). PTSD is classified as an anxiety disorder since although anxiety has many of the symptoms and signs of fear, it also lingers long after the event and the threat associated with it have passed. This is perhaps the most unique characteristic of PTSD. Vieweg et al (2006) follow the development of the definition. In 1980 the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders first described PTSD as an anxiety disorder. In a later revision in 1987 the diagnostic criteria were revised to emphasize the avoidance phenomenon and in the 1994 edition traum a was redefined. The definition of trauma is important to the understanding of how it is applied to PTSD. Grant et al (2008) define a trauma as â€Å"an event involving actual or threatened loss of life or personal integrity such that one experiences extreme fear, helplessness or horror† (p.662). The American Psychiatric Association expands the explanation of the traumatic event saying that it must involve actual or threatened death or serious injury of a threat to one’s physical being. Witnessing the actual death or threat to another’s

Jeffrey Skilling Essay Example for Free

Jeffrey Skilling Essay In 1975 Jeffrey Skilling received his B. S. from Southern Methodist University in applied science, and in 1979 received his M. B. A. from Harvard. He was hired by McKinsey Company as a consultant and in 1987 began working with Enron to help create a forward market in natural gas (wikipedia. org). Ken Lay hired Skilling in 1990 as chairman and chief executive officer of Enron Finance Corp. and in 1991 he became the Chairman of Enron Gas Services Co. Also, he was appointed CEO/managing director of Enron Capital Trade Resources. Skilling was promoted to second highest position in the company, president and chief operating officer in 1979. By pushing an aggressive investment strategy, Skilling helped Enron to become the biggest wholesaler of gas and electricity (biography. com). On February 12, 2001 he was named the new CEO of Enron, replacing Ken Lay. Later in 2001, during the energy crisis in California; Skilling resigned on August 14 and shortly after he sold off large blocks of his shares of Enron. Enron declared bankruptcy in December 2001. The Federal Bureau of Investigations indicted Skilling on 35 charges, which he pleaded not guilty on February 19, 2004(wikipedia. org). His trial began on January 30, 2006 and lasted four months. On May 25, 2006 he was found guilty on one count of conspiracy, one count of insider trading, five counts of making false statements to auditors, and twelve counts of securities fraud; and not guilty on nine counts of insider trading(wikipedia. org). October 23, 2006 Skilling was sentenced to 24 years and 4 months in a federal prison and was fined 45 million dollars. Skilling began serving his prison term on December 13, 2006 at a low security federal prison in Littleton, Colorado. His release date is scheduled for February 21, 2028 according to the Federal Bureau of Prisons.

Lehman brothers, credit crunch and the recession

Lehman brothers, credit crunch and the recession Introduction This report will focus on the credit crunch and recession and how they have affected the business environment that firms that operate within it and how their resources were affected. A case study on Lehman Brothers Inc is also included and will analyse the strategies of the firm and how it coped. It is important to understand that the credit crunch and recession are to separate situations but can occur at the same time. A credit crunch happens when banks and other credit companies are less willing to lend money and charge high interest rates to compensate the increased risk of lending; where as the term for a recession is used when an economy experiences two consecutive quarters of negative growth. For example the total number of goods and services produced by a country (Gross Domestic Product) would have to decline on a quarter by quarter basis for six months to be deemed a recession. The Credit Crunch The term ‘credit crunch was once a term only understood and used by economists but over the past two years it has been widely used in the media and in day to day life to describe the money troubles people are experiencing. The credit crunch can be simplified as banks and other credit lending firms being more aware of the risk customers and each other pose when lending therefore placing higher interest rates on loans to cover risk or simply declining to offer loans to higher risk customers. This cautious behaviour leads to dearer credit cards and mortgages becoming very expensive, pensions and Isa rates will decline. Investors will also be less willing to part with their money as stock markets fluctuate rapidly and in some cases bankruptcy and repossession will occur. Current Credit Crunch The credit crunch we are currently experiencing started in 2007 but was caused by companies strategies that worked in the economic boom but as the boom ended and the economic climate changed companies failed to react. Before 2007 the world economies were experiencing a boom and with money flowing freely financial companies became reckless, lending money with cheap interest rates to high risk customers who invested into property. The US Recklessness In the US companies were even more reckless giving billions of dollars worth of mortgages to customers who were high risk; for example no job, income or assets to secure against. The companies justified these risky mortgages by insisting if the customers ran into trouble rising house prices would allow them to remortgage their properties. At the time this strategy worked as the central bank interest rates were low but as they rose companies still carried on with the same strategy not suited to accommodate the rise and as house prices began to fall borrowers started to default on payments sending everyone into panic. These factors alone were not the sole reason for the global credit crunch; it was the way in which the debt was sold on to investors that spread the problem global. US banks were packaging sub-prime loans (people with weak credit ratings) into mortgage backed securities (collateralised debt obligations) these were sold on to hedge funds and investment banks who decided they were a great way to generate high returns, resulting in higher bonuses and profit margins. When interest rates rose and house prices fell customers started to default on their loans, the value of these investments plummeted resulting in huge losses for banks globally. How it affected the UK UK banks and financial companies were watching how easy the US companies were making money so invested heavily to gain a piece of the high returns the US companies were reporting, the investment of choice was the sub-prime backed investments and as the US housing market crumpled and interest rates rose the returns decreased and resulted in companies writing off billions of pounds worth of debt. As the risk of these investments increased finding new investors became impossible and many UK banks were using a securitisation strategy by using the investment market to fund their mortgage business and as the investments could not be sold the banks were left with the debt, causing them to decrease lending to safe guard their finances or in some cases fall into administration or become nationalised as Northern Rock did. The result of the credit crunch meant borrowing rates increased rapidly meaning the good value mortgages people were enjoying were no longer available, financial businesses became paranoid as to whom to lend money, increasing interest rates and asking for higher deposits to secure against default on payments. Businesses in trouble The stock markets were in turmoil and dropped sharply as confidence plunged and as powerful financial companies fell to the credit crunch paranoia set in and companies tried to secure themselves against facing the same fate. This resulted in businesses being unable to run their day to day operations. In most product based companies there is a time gap between production and sales, and some credit is needed to pay for production before receiving cash from sales. Many companies relied on credit for these cash flow issues and in the economic boom overdraft facilities etc were easily accessed, but as the credit crunch set in financial companies cut down on lending leaving many companies with higher costs than income leading to cuts in production and workforce to balance their finances. As the credit crunch caused banks to be nationalised and financial firms to go bust, the rate in which banks lend to each other (libor rate) rose to its highest since 1998 way above the Bank of Englands base rate this indicated that they were concerned as to who may go bust or simply didnt have any money to lend. This tense environment increased peoples worries and loss of confidence in each other indicated how hard the credit crunch had it the financial sectors once vast resources hard. Recession The term recession is used when an economy experiences two consecutive quarters of negative growth. For example the total number of goods and services produced by a country (Gross Domestic Product) would have to decline on a quarter by quarter basis for six months to be deemed a recession. The latest recession has been blamed on the fall of the financial markets but many causes have attributed to the severe downturn of the global markets. As the credit crunch hit the world economies slowed down, and the price of raw materials increased. Within a year the price of oil soared 40%, other materials such as steel and wheat etc saw similar rises. This resulted in higher production costs for companies that use these materials and transportation, energy and the service sector also saw costs increase due to the increased cost of gas and oil. When a business develops increased costs they tend to try and overcome them by raising the cost of their product or service so their consumers incur the cost which is called cost push inflation, this is where income becomes squeezed thus reducing disposable income. They can also cover these costs by cutting down on other costs such as workforce, some companies margins could not stretch to meet the higher material costs and subsequently went out of business. For example Silverjet, all these factors affect the economic downturn and contribute to the recession. The collapse of the housing market also contributed to the decline in the world economies. In boom years confidence was high and borrowing and saving was encouraged, this meant consumer spending was at a high and became a major factor behind economic growth. Consumers were able to remortgage their home easily as their homes grew in value, which enabled more spending and construction was easily affordable and profitable as people had money to buy or build new homes. As the boom came to an abrupt end the factors are reversed, borrowing is now harder and less attractive as higher interest rates are attached thus meaning less money to spend meaning less demand, leading to economic growth to contract. With borrowing limited and spending low, house prices continue to decrease reducing the effectiveness of the policies being used to combat the economic downturn such as the monetary and expansionary fiscal policy. The loss of confidence in the financial sector as the credit crunch hit has created a sense of paranoia amongst people who have lost their confidence in the wider economy. This has stopped people investing even if they have money to do so they are keen to keep hold of it as security as they are unsure what to expect. Spending has also decreased for the same reasons consumers are cutting back on shopping etc, this causes companies to enter into price wars or to cut down on production, costs are cut to enable the company to offer the lowest price or to simply survive. Cost cutting measures usually mean job losses, this increases unemployment which limits the amount people can spend therefore meaning companies need to make me cuts; it turns into a vicious cycle that government stimulus packages try to combat. Lehman Brothers Inc. Lehman Brothers Inc operated at a wholesale level, dealing with governments, companies and other financial institutions. Its core business included buying and selling shares and fixed income assets, trading and research, investment banking, investment management and private equity. In September 2008, Lehman Brothers filed for chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. The company became insolvent with finances totalling $639 billion in assets and debt worth $619 billion; it became the largest bankruptcy in history. The company employed 25,000 employees worldwide including 5,000 and was the fourth largest US financial bank at the time of the bankruptcy. It also became the biggest victim of the subprime mortgage disaster that had put the global financial sector into meltdown. History In 1844 23 year old Henry Lehman the son of a cattle merchant immigrated to the United States from Rimpar, Bavaria. He set up home in Montgomery, Alabama where he opened a dry-goods shop. In 1847, following the arrival of his brother Emanuel Lehman, the firm became H. Lehman and Bro. With the arrival of their youngest brother, Mayer Lehman, in 1850, the firm changed its name again and Lehman Brothers was founded. The brothers expanded their dry goods store into a cotton business after noticing the potential the highly valued cotton had, even accepting cotton as a payment for products within their shop. Cotton trading became a key part of their business and they eventually relocated to New York, there Lehman became a member of the Coffee Exchange and then on to the New York Stock Exchange in 1887. In 1899, it underwrote its first public offering, the preferred and common stock of the International Steam Pump Company. The company then went from strength to strength underwriting many companies and becoming a powerhouse in the financial industry, prospering through world wars, civil wars and the great depression but the US house market crash proved to be its undoing as greed and the need for higher profits led them to take the decision to invest heavily into the subprime mortgage market which led to its demise. Subprime Mortgages Subprime Mortgages are loans offered to customers who would not usually be accepted for credit due to a poor credit score. The loans often have higher interest rates due to the higher risk a company takes by lending to a subprime borrower. There are many types of subprime mortgage plans on offer, the most common is the adjustable rate mortgage (ARM) which at first charges a fixed interest rate and then switches to a floating rate plus a margin. ARMs can be misleading to subprime borrowers who jump at the chance to take out a mortgage they were previously denied. By charging lower rates at first the mortgages reined in borrowers but as their rates were reset to variable rate which were considerably higher than the rates the borrowers were previously paying and many could not offered the new payment requirements resulting in loan defaults. During the boom Lehman were trading tremendously well and decided to invest in mortgage lending by acquiring five mortgage lenders, which included subprime mortgage lenders BNC Mortgage and Aurora Loan services which specialised in Alt-A Loans. Alt-A Loans are categorised between prime and subprime loans, Alt-A borrowers have clean credit histories but have limited documentation therefore occurring a higher risk, these borrowers proved very attractive to lenders as they could charge them higher interest rates than normal prime loans but were less risky than subprime borrowers. Lehman Brothers Success Lehman Brothers acquisitions proved a success at first; record revenues from Lehmans real estate businesses enabled revenues in the capital markets unit to surge 56% from 2004 to 2006, a faster rate of growth than other businesses in investment banking or asset management. The firm securitised $146 billion of mortgages in 2006, a 10% increase from 2005. Lehman reported record profits every year from 2005 to 2007. In 2007, the firm reported net income of a record $4.2 billion on revenue of $19.3 billion. Lehman Brothers were still continuing to grow and in February 2007 stock reached a record $86.18, meaning Lehman had a market capitalisation of close to $60 billion. This masked the real problem as by the first quarter of 2007 defaults on subprime mortgages rose to a seven-year high. Investors started to have concerns that rising defaults would affect Lehmans profitability, but the firm reported record revenues and profit for its fiscal first quarter. These concerns led to Lehmans chief financial officer (CFO) insisting that the risks posed by rising home delinquencies were well contained and would have little impact on the firms earnings. He also said that he did not foresee problems in the subprime market spreading to the rest of the housing market or hurting the U.S. economy. This statement showed the company had become reckless and the prospect of higher profits and keeping investors happy became their main concern and as long as profits were good the strategy stayed the same Credit Crunch hits Five months after Lehmans Brothers chief financial officers assurances that the company would be unaffected and safe from the housing problems the companys risks seemed to be catching up with it. Lehmans stocks fell sharply as two of Bear Stearns hedge funds failed, it caused them to shut down the BNC unit and cut 2500 jobs and also shut down some of its Aurora offices but as this may have been a sign of them cutting down their mortgage portfolio they continued to pursue the mortgage market becoming the major player gaining a portfolio of mortgage backed securities four times that of shareholder equity. The risk seemed to have paid off as their stocks increased and calm returned to the market, this was the opportunity to trim down their massive portfolio and release funds to secure against any losses the mortgage market may encounter by investing in other areas, however they seemed to choose to keep hold of the bulging portfolio. Lehman Brothers leverage was a high 31 in 2007 which in tandem with its massive mortgage portfolio made it increasingly vulnerable to any change in the market. In March 2008 Bear Stearns struggles continued and confidence in Lehman was fading resulting in a drop in shares of over 40% and although they managed to increase confidence by raising $4billion dollars people were becoming increasingly worried about the size of the companys high risk portfolio. In June Lehman recorded a second quarter loss of $3billion but managed to keep confidence high by raising $6billion through investors and noticing the ticking time bomb they were sitting on boosted its liquidity pool to an estimated $45 billion, decreased gross assets by $147 billion, reduced its exposure to residential and commercial mortgages by 20%, and cut down leverage from a factor of 32 to about 25. However, these measures were perceived as being too little, too late. On August 22, 2008, shares in Lehman closed up 5% (16% for the week) on reports that the state-controlled Korea Development Bank was considering buying the bank. Most of those gains were quickly eroded as news came in that Korea Development Bank was facing difficulties pleasing regulators and attracting partners for the deal. On September 9 Lehmans shares plunged 45% to $7.79, after it was reported that the state-run South Korean firm had put talks on hold. This caused the companys hedge fund clients to pull out, while its short-term creditors cut credit lines. On September 10, Lehman announced shocking fiscal third-quarter results early that highlighted the feebleness of its financial position. The firm reported a loss of $3.9 billion, including a write-down of $5.6 billion as well as these shocking results Moodys Investor Service dealt the company another blow as it announced that it was reviewing Lehmans credit ratings, and also said that Lehman would have to sell a majority stake to a strategic partner in order to avoid a rating downgrade. These developments led to a 42% plunge in the stock on September 11. With $1 billion left in liquidised assets, Lehman was quickly running out of time. Last-ditch efforts over the weekend of September 13 between Lehman, Barclays PLC and Bank of America, aimed at working out a takeover of Lehman, were unsuccessful. On Monday September 15, Lehman declared bankruptcy, resulting in the stock plunging 93% from its previous close on September 12

Compressor Stall :: Essays Papers

Compressor Stall Gas turbine engine performance is limited by aerodynamic instabilities called rotating stall and surge. Currently there are several control strategies for enhancing the operability boundary of laboratory compressors by actively controlling rotating stall and surge. Models which capture the qualitative behavior of the aerodynamic instabilities have been found to exhibit abundant dynamic behavior and to be useful for designing control laws. Operability boundary is defined as the operating point where steady axisymmetric flow is unstable and untolerable amount of rotating stall and surge is present in the system. Operability enhancement is defined as the gap between the operability boundary for the controlled system and that for the uncontrolled system. Operability enhancement is one of the main goals for active control of rotating stall and surge. Actuator limits and system noise are found to limit the operability enhancement. We are interested in two problems: Analysis problem: given a controller with actuator limits and certain noise level, find the operability enhancement; Synthesis problem: given a set of controllers with actuator limits and certain noise level, find one that maximize the operability enhancement. It turns out that the synthesis problem is a minimax problem. We try to answer the analysis problem and the synthesis problem by nonlinear reduction using bifurcation theory and invariant manifold theory. For stall control with bleed valve actuators, we have derived analytic formulas that agree qualitatively with the experimental results on a low speed rig. We have solved the synthesis problem for the case when surge inception is close to stall inception by normal form reduction for a low order compressor model. We are also interested in extending the above control problems to general dynamical systems. We think center manifold reduction and normal form reduction are potential tools.Gas turbine engine performance is limited by aerodynamic instabilities called rotating stall and surge.

Lord of the Flies Coursework

‘The main characters in the Lord of the flies are similar to world leaders that have ruled through history’. I agree that the main characters from Lord of the flies are similar to the world leaders that have ruled through history. There are four main characters in the film ‘Lord of the Flies’ and they are Jack, Simon, Piggy and Ralph. All these characters have an individual point of view and they all have different personalities. Jack is very comparable to the world leader called Adolf Hitler. Adolf Hitler was absolute evil, all-powerful, mad, and hated by others, bright, deeply religious and stubborn.Adolf Hitler was a leader because he was able to convince people and make them do what he wants them to do. Jack wanted to be a leader as well and after the votes when he wasn’t picked to guide the kids he persuaded Ralph that he would help him out. Jack thought he was all-powerful because everyone followed what he said. Half way through the movie Jack w as getting unwanted because people found him too bossy so he used he’s skills to convince people that he is the best leader and that he is much better than the leader that they picked which was Ralph.I think Jack wasn’t so bright but he knew how to convince people to believe him and this made him very stubborn and tough. He was very sure of him self and he was a very confident person. When the kids joined his group because they had a choice of joining Jack or Ralph they picked Jack and he turned really aggressive and killed two members of the opposite group. Jack took his anger on animals and other members from the plane crash. Piggy reminds me of Martin Luther King as he wanted to change the whole of America to make peace. Piggy wanted to change the people that argued and he was very supportive towards the leader Ralph.When Jack was a very leader Ralph wasn’t sure what to do to stop him and Piggy helped him and seemed to be very supportive and friendly. He was also very gullible and he thought he could trust Ralph by telling him a secret that people used to call him ‘Piggy’ and he never liked him. He asked Ralph not to tell anyone but Ralph told everyone about it. Piggy carried on being very nice towards Ralph. Piggy was very smart and brave just like Martin Luther King and he spoke his mind and came up with different ideas. By: Natalia Jozwiak 10EA

Communication And Interpersonal Skills

Assess your communication and interpersonal skills in relation to each interaction. For this assignment, I had to plan, be involved in and review two interactions within health and social care, one had to be one-to-one role play, and the other had to be a group role play. I am going to write a detailed description off the skills I used in the interactions, and explain my strengths and weaknesses of my interpersonal skills that I used in each interaction. One-to-one role playIn the one-to-one role play, I was always giving Student A, good eye contact. I smiled when Student A came in to the room, to ensure that I was friendly, and I was not going to be a threat towards her. When I was communicating with Student A, I made sure I was leaning forward, so that Student A could see that I was taking interest in what she was saying. Also, I made sure that I was facing Student A in a slight angle to ensure a relaxed and friendly feeling. One-to-one role play:StrengthsIn the one-to-one role pla y, I was acting professionally and I did not laugh, which I thought was good, so I did not mess up my body language and my messages were sent clearly. One thing that I liked about the task was that I remembered the types of interpersonal skills in communication and I used it in the role play without any written sheet in front of me. I think that the type of interpersonal skills I used was suitable and relevant to the situation. For example, when I was listening to Student A, I leaned forward and stayed quiet, listening and taking in what she was saying, and because it was a counselling session, where Student A spoke and I listened.I did not slouch on my chair or interrupt her when she was talking. Otherwise it would have been seen as rude or meant that I was not interested in what she was saying, which could lead to Student A getting annoyed and may not want to talk to me. Another good thing about this role play was that Student A was reflecting what I was communicating. For example , when I leaned forward and looked like I was showing interest in what Student A was saying, she looked more relaxed and started to express her problems more comfortably. But overall, out if the strengths in this role play, I do think that the interpersonal skills I used were effective and it was relevant to the health  and social care setting that I had used. One-to-one role play:WeaknessesI do think that I used an easier interpersonal skills, setting, and situation. I could have used more ‘difficult’ interpersonal skills, to make the task more challenging. For example I could have put the situation in a nursing care home, where I am looking after someone who is deaf and I have to use the British Sign Language, to make the task more challenging. I also did not use as many interpersonal skills, and I could have varied the skills I used to make sure that my role play was more interesting to watch.